1、葉輪結構（gòu）型式：葉輪的結構分為四（sì）大類：葉片式（開式、閉（bì）式）、旋流式、流道式、（包括單流道和雙流道）螺旋離心式四種, 開式（shì）半開 式葉輪製造方便（biàn），當葉輪內造成堵塞時（shí），可以很（hěn）容易的清理及維修，但在長期運行中，在顆粒的磨蝕下會使（shǐ）葉（yè）片與壓水室內側壁的（de）間隙加大，從而降低效率，還有間（jiān）隙的加（jiā）大會破壞葉片上的壓（yā）差分布。不僅產生大量的旋（xuán）渦損失，而（ér）且會使泵的軸向力加大，同時，由於間（jiān）隙加大，使得流道中液體流態的穩定性受破壞，導致泵產（chǎn）生振動，該種型式葉輪不易於輸送含大（dà）顆粒和（hé）長纖維的介質，從性能上講，該型式葉輪（lún）效（xiào）率低，高效率約相當於普通閉式葉輪的92%左右，揚程曲線比較平坦。
2、旋流式葉輪：采用該型式葉輪的泵，由於葉輪（lún）部分或全部縮離壓水（shuǐ）室流道。所（suǒ）以無堵（dǔ）塞性能（néng）好，過顆粒大小能力和長纖維的（de）通過能（néng）力較（jiào）強。顆粒在壓水（shuǐ）室內流動靠葉輪旋轉（zhuǎn）產生的渦流的推動下運動，懸（xuán）浮（fú）性顆粒本身不產生能量，隻是在（zài）流道內和液體交換能量。在（zài）流動過程中（zhōng），懸浮性顆（kē）粒或長纖維不與葉（yè）片接觸，葉片多磨損的情（qíng）況較輕，不存在（zài）間隙因磨蝕而加大的情況，在長期運行（háng）中不會造成效率嚴重下降的問題，采用該（gāi）型式葉輪的（de）泵（bèng）適合於抽送含（hán）有大顆粒和長纖維的介質。 從性能上講，該葉輪效率較低，僅相當於普通閉式葉輪的70%左右，揚程曲線比（bǐ）較平坦。
3、閉式葉輪：該型式的葉輪正（zhèng）常效率較高。且在長期運行中情況比較穩定，采用該型式葉輪的泵軸向（xiàng）力較小，且可（kě）以在前後蓋板上設置副（fù）葉片。前（qián）蓋板上的副葉片可以減（jiǎn）少葉輪進口（kǒu）的旋渦損失和顆粒對密封環的磨損。後蓋板上的（de）副葉片不僅起（qǐ）平衡軸向力的作用,而且可以防止（zhǐ）懸浮性顆粒進入（rù）機械密封腔對機械密封起保護（hù）作用。但該型式葉（yè）輪的無（wú）堵性差，易於纏繞，不宜於抽送含大顆粒（長纖維）等末經處理的汙水介質。
4、流道式葉輪：該種葉輪屬於無葉片的葉輪，葉輪（lún）流道是一個從進口到出口的一個彎曲的流道（dào）。所以適宜於抽送含有大顆粒和長（zhǎng）纖維的介（jiè）質。抗堵性好。從性能上講，該（gāi）型式葉輪效率高（gāo）和普通閉式（shì）葉輪相差不大，但用該型式葉輪（lún）泵揚程曲線較為陡降。功率曲線比較平穩，不易產生超功率的（de）問題，但該型葉輪的汽蝕性能不如普通閉式葉輪，尤（yóu）其適宜用在有壓進口的泵上。
5、螺旋離心式葉（yè）輪：該（gāi）型葉輪的葉片為扭曲的螺旋葉片，在錐形輪轂體上從吸入口沿軸向延伸（shēn）。該型葉輪的泵兼具（jù）有容積泵和離心泵的作用，懸浮性顆（kē）粒在葉片中流過時，不撞擊泵內任何部位，故無損（sǔn）性好。對輸送物的破壞（huài）性小。由於螺（luó）旋的推進作用，懸浮顆粒的通過性強，所以采用該型式葉輪的泵適宜於抽送含有大（dà）顆粒和長纖維的介質，以及高濃度的（de）介質。在（zài）對輸送介質（zhì）的破壞有嚴格要求的場合下（xià）具有明顯的特點。
1, impeller structure: the structure of the impeller is divided into four categories: vane (open and closed), the vortex flow, the flow type, (including single port and shuangliu) spiral centrifugal, four open half-open impeller manufacture is convenient, when caused by blocked in the impeller, can easy cleaning and maintenance, but in the long run, under the abrasion of the particles can make the blade and the interior wall of pressure water gap increased, thereby reducing efficiency, and clearance increases damage of differential pressure distribution on blade. Produce large amounts of vortex loss not only, and axial force of pump will increase, at the same time, due to the gap increase, has resulted in a liquid flow channel flow stability, lead to pump vibration, this type of impeller is not easy to transport with large particles medium and long fibers, from the performance, the type of impeller efficiency is low, the highest efficiency about ordinary closed about 92% of the impeller, relatively flat head curve.
2. Swirl impeller: the pump with this type of impeller is partially or completely separated from the flow passage of the pressurized water chamber. Therefore, it has good non-clogging performance, strong ability to pass through particle size and long fiber. Particles flow in the pressurized water chamber driven by vortices generated by impeller rotation. Suspended particles themselves do not generate energy, but only exchange energy with liquid in the flow passage. In the flow process, suspended particles or long fibers do not contact with the blade, the blade wear more light, there is no gap due to erosion and increase the situation, in long-term operation will not cause a serious decrease in efficiency, using this type of impeller pump is suitable for pumping medium containing large particles and long fibers. In terms of performance, the efficiency of the impeller is relatively low, which is only about 70% of the normal closed impeller, and the head curve is relatively flat.
3. Closed impeller: this type of impeller has higher normal efficiency. And in the long-term operation of the situation is relatively stable, the use of this type of impeller pump axial force is small, and can be set on the front and rear cover plate blade. The secondary blade on the front cover plate can reduce the vortex loss of the impeller inlet and the wear of the sealing ring by particles. The secondary blades on the back cover not only balance the axial force, but also prevent suspended particles from entering the mechanical seal chamber to protect the mechanical seal. However, this type of impeller has poor clogging and easy winding, which is not suitable for pumping medium containing large particles (long fibers) and other untreated sewage.
4. Runner type impeller: this kind of impeller belongs to bladeless impeller, and the impeller runner is a curved runner from the inlet to the outlet. Therefore, it is suitable for pumping medium containing large particles and long fibers. Good blocking resistance. In terms of performance, the efficiency of this type of impeller is not much different from that of ordinary closed impeller, but the head curve of pump with this type of impeller drops sharply. The power curve is smooth, not easy to produce the problem of excessive power, but the cavitation erosion performance of the impeller is not as common as the closed impeller, especially suitable for the pressure inlet pump.
5. Spiral centrifugal impeller: the blades of this type of impeller are twisted spiral blades that extend along the axis from the suction inlet on the conical hub body. The pump of this type impeller has the function of positive displacement pump and centrifugal pump, suspended particles flow in the blade, do not hit any part of the pump, so good non-destructive. Less damage to transport. Due to the helical propulsion, suspended particles through the strong, so the use of this type of impeller pump is suitable for pumping medium containing large particles and long fiber, and high concentration of the medium. It has obvious characteristics when there are strict requirements for the destruction of conveying medium.
